Chapter 5
Symbols of the elements
In this chapter we will see the symbols used for the different elements that will comprise of an electronic circuit. Given application universal of these materials, for the purposes of to be able to represent graphically any design electronic, of form of which it is possible by the people who must work with him, is used a standardized symbol set that allows their compression.
In order to begin we will see the form of representation of cables and connections, which can be appreciated in figure 1.
figure 1
For the representation of the resistance two representations are used, as it is seen in figure 2. Next to the symbol one is due to indicate the ohmic value and the power dissipation.
figure 2
The capacitores also have two different representations, depending on types with polarization fixes (electrolytic) or without her (ceramic, polyester, etc.). In the first case the polarity in the symbol will be indicated. In addition it will be written down, next to this one, the value of the capacity, as well as the maximum tension of work.
figure 3
For the inductancias the symbolism is the one that is in figure 4, here also the value of its inductance is placed next to the symbol.
figure 4
For the transforming several representations for the nucleus depending on iron exist ferrite or air. The primary one is placed generally to the left whereas the secondary ones to the right. Figure 5.
figure 5
The diodes leave from a basic symbol and adding a certain graphical complement the different models imagine that exist of this component (figure 6). Alongside in question concrete type can be written.
figure 6
The transistors, as it can be observed in figure 7, are represented with different symbols according to the different families (bipolar, FET, MOSFET). In any case, it shoots with an arrow that always it exists in one of his three terminals indicates the sense of circulation of the current through same, identifying therefore types NPN and PNP and FET or MOSFET of channel N or P. Next to the symbol the type of in question transistor will be indicated.
figure 7
The symbols of the thyristors are appraised in figure 8, these have two symbols according to are elements with a door or two.
Triac presents/displays a unique simbolización to the being a non-polar element.
figure 8
The switches and the commutators can be represented with the symbols of figure 9:
figure 9
In the relay the position of rest of the same will stand out (Normal open or normal closed).
In order to represent the Earth or mass different symbols are used, but all are equivalent to each other as it is possible to be seen in figure 10.
figure 10
Now we will see a series of symbols for different components, which so commonly are not used and own in addition a unique form to represent them reason why we did not need to make reference to them, safe in the case of the crystal oscillators which they imagine with two symbols, being both equivalents.
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